Μαστίφ του Θιβέτ F.C.I. πρότυπο

Πρότυπο FCI Αρ.  230  / 02. 04. 2004  / στα αγγλικά
DO-KHYI  (Tibetan Mastiff)

ΚΑΤΑΓΩΓΗ :  Θιβέτ

ΕΠΟΠΤΕΙΑ : FCI.

ΗΜΕΡΟΜΗΝΙΑ ΕΚΔΟΣΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΥΘΕΝΤΙΚΟΥ ΙΣΧΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΠΡΟΤΥΠΟΥ :  24.03.2004.

ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΤΗΤΑ : Σύντροφος - συνοδός, σκύλος προειδοποίησης και φύλακας.

ΚΑΤΑΤΑΞΗ F.C.I. : Ομάδα 2, Πίνσερ και Σνάουτσερ – Μολοσσοειδείς φυλές – Ελβετικοί Ορεινοί σκύλοι & Φύλακες Βοοειδών και άλλες φυλές.
Τομέας 2.2 Μολοσσοειδείς φυλές, Ορεινού τύπου
Χωρίς εξετάσεις εργασίας.




To Θιβετιανό Μάστιφ είναι ένας αρχαίος σκύλος εργασίας των νομάδων ποιμένων στα Ιμαλάια και παραδοσιακός φύλακας των θιβετιανών μοναστηριών. Περιβάλλεται από πολλούς μύθους, από την εποχή της πρώτης ανακάλυψής του στην αρχαιότητα. Από την αναφορά του Αριστοτέλη (384-322 π. Χ.) μέχρι τα περίφημα γραπτά του Μάρκο Πόλο που πήγε στην Ασία το 1271, όλες οι ιστορικές αναφορές παινεύουν την φυσική δύναμη και τις εντυπωσιακές ιδιότητες του Θιβετιανού Μάστιφ, εξίσου σωματικές και διανοητικές. Ακόμα και το γαύγισμά του έχει περιγραφεί σαν μοναδικός και πολύτιμος θησαυρός της φυλής. Κορυφαίοι Ευρωπαίοι κυνολόγοι του παρελθόντος όπως οι Μάρτιν, Γιούατ, Μενίν, Μπέκμαν, Σάιμπερ, καθώς και οι Στρέμπελ και Μπάιλαντ, έχουν έντονα ασχοληθεί με το Θ.Μ. καθώς τους γοήτευε η καταγωγή και σημασία του για την Θιβετιανή κουλτούρα. Ορισμένοι μάλιστα θεωρούσαν τη φυλή σαν τον ίδιο το γενάρχη όλων των ορεινών και μαστιφοειδών φυλών. Ένα από τα πρώτα Θ.Μ. που έγινε γνωστό ότι έφτασε τις ακτές της Δύσης ήταν ένα αρσενικό που στάλθηκε στη βασίλισσα Βικτωρία από το λόρδο Χάρντινγκ (τότε Αντιβασιλέα των Ινδιών) το 1847. Αργότερα, στα 1880, ο Εδουάρδος ο έβδομος (τότε Πρίγκηψ της Ουαλλίας) πήρε δύο σκύλους πίσω μαζί του στην Αγγλία. Μιά πρώτη καταγραμμένη γέννα Θ.Μ. έγινε το 1898 στο ζωολογικό κήπο του Βερολίνου.

ΓΕΝΙΚΗ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΗ : Ισχυρός, βαρύς, καλοδομημένος, με καλή οστέινη μάζα. Εντυπωσιακός. Η εμφάνιση του αποπνέει σοβαρότητα, αξιοπρέπεια και ευθύτητα. Συνδυάζει μεγαλοπρεπή δύναμη, στιβαρότητα και ανθεκτικότητα. Ικανός για εργασία σε όλες τις κλιματολογικές συνθήκες. Αργής ανάπτυξης, μόλις φτάνει στην ακμή του σε ηλικία 3-4 ετών για θηλυκά, και τουλάχιστο τεσσάρων ετών για αρσενικά ζώα.


ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΕΣ ΑΝΑΛΟΓΙΕΣ: Το κρανίο, μετρώμενο από το ινίο έως το στοπ, ίσο με το ρύγχος από το στοπ μέχρι το ακρορίνιο, αλλά το ρύγχος μπορεί να είναι και λίγο βραχύτερο.
Ο κορμός είναι λίγο μακρύτερος από το ύψος του σκύλου στα ακρώμια. 


ΣΥΜΠΕΡΙΦΟΡΑ / ΤΑΜΠΕΡΑΜΕΝΤΟ: Ανεξάρτητος. Προστατευτικός. Εμπνέει Σεβασμό. Πιστότατος και αφοσιωμένος στην οικογένεια και την περιοχή του. 


ΚΕΦΑΛΙ : Φαρδύ, βαρύ και δυνατό. Στα ενήλικα, μπορεί να σχηματίζεται μια πτυχή (δέρματος) που εκτείνεται από το πάνω μέρος των ματιών μέχρι τη γωνία του στόματος. 


ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ του ΚΡΑΝΙΟΥ:
Κρανίο: Μεγάλο, πολύ ελαφρά στρογγυλεμένο, με έντονα ανεπτυγμένο ινιακό οστούν.
Στοπ: Καλά καθορισμένο.


ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ του ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΥ:
Μύτη : φαρδιά, όσο πιο σκουρόχρωμη γίνεται ανάλογα με το χρώμα του μανδύα, με ορθάνοιχτα ρουθούνια.
Ρύγχος: Αρκετά φαρδύ, καλογεμισμένο και βαθύ. Το άκρο του ρύγχους τετράγωνο. Χείλη: Καλοανεπτυγμένα, καλύπτουν την κάτω γνάθο.
Γνάθοι / Δόντια: Σιαγόνες ισχυρές με τέλειο, κανονικό και πλήρες δάγκωμα-ψαλίδι, δηλαδή οι άνω κοπτήρες υπερκαλύπτουν σφικτά τους κάτω και είναι τετράγωνα τοποθετημένοι στις γνάθους (σ.σ.: δηλαδή οι κοπτήρες είναι τοποθετημένοι σε ευθεία γραμμή και κάθετα προς τον επιμήκη άξονα των γνάθων). Το επίπεδο δάγκωμα (λαβίδα) είναι ανεκτό. Η οδοντοφυία εφαρμόζει σφιχτά.
Μάτια: Μέτριου μεγέθους, σε οποιαδήποτε απόχρωση του καστανού και ανάλογα με το χρώμα του μανδύα, όσο πιο σκούρα τόσο το καλύτερο. Οφθαλμοί τοποθετημένοι με αρκετή απόσταση μεταξύ τους, οβάλ σε σχήμα και ελαφρά λοξοί. Τα βλέφαρα εφαρμόζουν σφιχτά πάνω στο βολβό του ματιού. Αξιοπρεπής, διακεκριμένη έκφραση. 
Αυτιά: Μέτρια σε μέγεθος, τριγωνικά, πεσμένα, τοποθετημένα ανάμεσα στο επίπεδο του κρανίου και των ματιών, πέφτουν προς τα εμπρός και κρέμονται κοντά στο κεφάλι, και όταν ο σκύλος είναι εναργής στρέφονται προς τα εμπρός. Τα πτερύγια καλύπτονται από μαλακό, κοντό τρίχωμα. 


ΛΑΙΜΟΣ : Δυνατός, με καλή μυική ανάπτυξη, σχηματίζει καμπύλη. Όχι υπερβολικό προγούλι. Καλυμένος από πυκνή, όρθια, φουντωτή χαίτη, όχι τόσο έντονη στις θηλυκές.


ΣΩΜΑ: Δυνατό.
Ράχη: Ίσια, μυώδης. 
Λεκάνη: Φαρδιά και μάλλον επίπεδη.
Στήθος: Μάλλον φαρδύ, μέτριου εύρους, με καλό τόξο πλευρών ώστε να σχηματίζεται θώρακας σε σχήμα καρδιάς. Το στέρνο φθάνει κάτω από τους αγκώνες.  


ΟΥΡΑ: Μέτριου μήκους. Τοποθετημένη ψηλά, στην ευθεία της άνω γραμμής της ράχης, κρατιέται ψηλά, χαλαρά κουλουριασμένη πάνω από την πλάτη, όταν ο σκύλος είναι εναργής ή σε κίνηση. Με καλό πτίλωμα (πλουμιστό τρίχωμα, με κρόσσια). 


ΑΚΡΑ
ΠΡΟΣΘΙΑ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΗΜΟΡΙΑ: Ίσια, καλά γωνιωμένα, καλά καλυμμένα παντού με δυνατό τρίχωμα.
Ωμοπλάτες: Καλά κεκλιμένες, μυώδεις.
Αγκώνες: Δεν γυρίζουν ούτε προς τα μέσα ούτε προς τα έξω. 
Βραχίονες: Ίσιοι. Με ισχυρά οστά.
Μετακάρπια: Δυνατά, ελαφρώς λοξά. 

ΠΙΣΩ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΗΜΟΡΙΑ: Πολύ ισχυρά, μυώδη, με καλή γωνίωση. Όπως φαίνονται από πίσω, τα σκέλη είναι παράλληλα μεταξύ τους. 
Μηρός: μάλλον μακρύς, ισχυρός, με καλοανεπτυγμένη, σκληρή αλλά όχι φουσκωτή μυική μάζα.
Γόνατα: καλώς κεκκαμένα.
Ταρσός: δυνατός, χαμηλός.
Ψευδόνυχα: προαιρετικά. 


ΠΟΔΙΑ: Πέλματα αρκετά μεγάλα, στρογγυλά και συμπαγή, με καλό τρίχωμα ανάμεσα στα καλοκυρτωμένα δάχτυλα.
  


ΔΙΑΣΚΕΛΙΣΜΟΣ / ΚΙΝΗΣΗ: Δυνατός αλλά πάντα ελαφρύς και ελαστικός: με καλή έκταση και ώθηση. ‘Οταν η ταχύτητα αυξάνεται τείνει σε κεντροβαδισμό. Όταν βαδίζει μοιάζει πολύ εσκεμμένος. Εργονομικά ικανός για ποικιλλία εδαφών με αντοχή και ευκινησία / ευλυγισία.

ΜΑΝΔΥΑΣ 


ΤΡΙΧΩΜΑ : Η ποιότητά του είναι σημαντικότερη από την ποσότητα. Τρίχωμα τραχύ, παχύ, επιμανδύας όχι υπερβολικά μακρύς, με πυκνό και μάλλον μάλλινο υπομανδύα στο κρύο, που γίνεται αρκετά αραιότερος τους θερμούς μήνες. Τα αρσενικά έχουν εμφανώς περισσότερο τρίχωμα από τα θηλυκά. Οι τρίχες είναι λεπτές αλλά τραχιές, ίσιες και στητές. Ποτέ μεταξένιο, σγουρό ή κυματιστό. Ώμοι και λαιμός καλυμμένοι από βαρύ μανδύα που δημιουργεί εικόνα χαίτης. Ουρά θυσανωτή με καλό ‘πτέρωμα’ (κροσσούς) από τρίχες. Τα πίσω σκέλη φέρουν κρόσσια (πτίλους) στο πάνω και πίσω μέρος τους.

ΧΡΩΜΑ: Πλούσιο-έντονο βαθύ μαύρο, με ή χωρίς πυρόξανθα σημάδια, κυανό με ή χωρίς πυρόξανθα σημάδια, χρυσαφί, από πλούσιο υπόξανθο μέχρι βαθύ κοκκινωπό. Όλα τα χρώματα να είναι όσο πιο καθαρά και αμιγή γίνεται. Το πυρόξανθο (των κηλίδων) κυμαίνεται από πλούσιο καστανό μέχρι ανοιχτότερο χρώμα. Λευκό αστέρι στο στήθος επιτρεπτό. Ελάχιστα άσπρα σημάδια στα πέλματα αποδεκτά. Οι πυρόξανθες κηλίδες εμφανίζονται πάνω από τα μάτια, στο κάτω τμήμα των σκελών και την κάτω πλευρά της ουράς. Πυρόξανθα σημάδια στο ρύγχος. Σημάδια σαν ματογιάλια ανεκτά γύρω από τα μάτια.

ΜΕΓΕΘΟΣ:
ύψος στα ακρώμια: Αρσενικοί: 66εκ (26 ίντσες) ελάχιστο.
Θηλυκές: 61 εκ. (24 ιν.) ελάχιστο. 


ΕΛΑΤΤΩΜΑΤΑ: Κάθε απομάκρυνση από τα παραπάνω σημεία πρέπει να θεωρείται ελάττωμα και η αυστηρότητα με την οποία το ελάττωμα πρέπει να αντιμετωπίζεται πρέπει να είναι ακριβώς και ευθέως ανάλογη με το βαθμό της απόκλισης από το επιθυμητό. 


ΣΟΒΑΡΑ ΕΛΑΤΤΩΜΑΤΑ:
Έλλειψη φυσικής κατάστασης & ικανότητας.
Κεφάλι ελαφρύ ή έντονα ρυτιδιασμένο. 
Κρεμαστά χείλη. 
Έντονο προγούλι. 
Μεγάλα ή / και χαμηλά φυτρωμένα αυτά. 
Ανοιχτόχρωμα ή ανέκφραστα μάτια.
Ανίσχυρη χρωστική, ιδιαίτερα στη μύτη. 
Βαρελόσχημα πλευρά. 
Ουρά σφιχτά κουλουριασμένη πάνω στα ισχία. 
Υπεργωνιωμένα ή ελλιπώς γωνιωμένα πίσω άκρα. 
Βαριά, περιορισμένη κίνηση. 
Κάτω από το ελάχιστο ύψος, ανοχή 2 εκατοστά.


ΕΛΑΤΤΩΜΑΤΑ ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΜΟΥ:
Επιθετικός ή υπερβολικά δειλός. 
Προγναθικό ή υπογναθικό στόμα.
Κάθε άλλο χρώμα εκτός από τα προαναφερόμενα – δηλαδή άσπρο, κρεμ, γκρι, καφέ (συκωτί), λιλά, ζιμπελίνας, ραβδωτό, παρδαλά/πολύχρωμα.

Κάθε σκύλος που δείχνει σαφή συμπτώματα σωματικών ή διανοητικών ανωμαλιών θα αποκλείεται. 


Σημείωση: τ’ αρσενικά ζώα πρέπει να έχουν δύο εμφανώς κανονικούς όρχεις εντελώς κατεβασμένους μέσα στο όσχεο. 


Το αναθεωρημένο αυτό πρότυπο τέθηκε σε ισχύ το Σεπτέμβριο του 2004. 




Απόδοση στα ελληνικά για το εκτροφείο Μαστίφ του Θιβέτ “Phantasmagoria” (FCI / GR) 
Μαρία Γκινάλα, διεθνής κριτής της F.C.I., ειδική στην Ομάδα ΙΙ. 
Ιρλανδία,
12.03.2015.


1185 λέξεις. 

THE ATMA TIBETAN MASTIFF BREED STANDARD (APPROVED 10/2004)

I. GENERAL APPEARANCE.
Noble and impressive: a large, powerful, heavy, well built dog, well muscled, with much substance and bone, and of solemn but kindly appearance. The Tibetan Mastiff stands well up on the pasterns, with strong, tight, cat feet, giving an alert appearance. The body is slightly longer than tall. The head is broad and impressive, with massive back skull, the eyes deep-set and almond shaped, slightly slanted, the muzzle broad and well-padded, giving a square appearance. The typical expression of the breed is one of watchfulness. The tail is well feathered and carried over the back in a single curl falling over the loin, balancing the head. The coat and heavy mane is thick, with coarse guard hair and a wooly undercoat. The tail and britches are well feathered.
The Tibetan Mastiff has been used primarily as a family and property guardian for many millennia, and is aloof and watchful of strangers, and highly protective of its people and property.

II. SIZE, PROPORTION, SUBSTANCE.
Size: Dogs - minimum of 26 inches at the withers
Bitches - minimum of 24 inches at the withers
Dogs and bitches that are more than one inch below the minimum heights to be severely faulted.
Proportion: Slightly longer than tall (9-10), (i.e.,the height to length, measured from sternum to ischium should be slightly greater than the distance from withers to ground).
Substance: The Tibetan Mastiff should have impressive substance, both in bone and structure, as well as strength. When dogs are judged equal in type, proportion and movement, the more substantial dog, in terms of substance and bone, not merely height, is to be given preference.

III. HEAD. 
Broad, heavy and strong. Some wrinkling in maturity, extending from above eyes down to corner of mouth. A correct head and expression is essential to the breed.
Expression: Noble, intelligent, watchful and aloof.
Eyes: Very expressive, medium size, any shade of brown. Rims to be black except in blue/grey, blue/grey and tan dogs and brown dogs, the darkest possible shade of grey or brown. Eyes deep-set, well apart, almond-shaped, and slightly slanting. Any other color or shape to be severely faulted since it detracts from the typical expression.
Ears: Medium size, V-shaped, pendant, set-on high , dropping forward and hanging close to head. Raised when alert, on level with the top of the skull. The ear leather is thick, covered with soft short hair, and when measured, should reach the inner corner of the eye.
Skull: Broad and large, with strongly defined occiput. Broad back skull.
Stop: Deep and well defined.
Muzzle: Broad, well filled and square when viewed from all sides.
Proportions: Measurement from occiput to stop and stop to end of nose, equal or slightly shorter.
Nose: Broad, well pigmented, with open nostrils. Black, except with blue/grey or blue/grey and tan dogs, the darkest shade of grey and brown dogs, the darkest shade of brown. Any other color to be severely faulted.
Lips: Well developed, thick, with moderate flews and slightly pendulous lower lips.
Bite: Complete scissor bite. Level bite acceptable. Essential that dentition fits tightly, to maintain square form of muzzle.
Teeth: Canine teeth large, strong, broken teeth not to be faulted.
Faults: Missing teeth, overshot, undershot bite.

IV. NECK, TOPLINE AND BODY.
Neck: The neck is well muscled, moderately arched, and may have moderate dewlap. The neck, especially in dogs, is shrouded by a thick upstanding mane.
Topline: Topline straight and level between withers and croup.
Body: The chest is rather deep, of moderate breadth, with reasonable spring of rib. Brisket reaching to just below elbows. Underline with pronounced (but not exaggerated) tuck-up. The back is muscular with firmly muscled loin. There is no slope or angle to the croup.
Tail: Medium to long, but not reaching below hock joint; well feathered. Set high on line with top of back. When alert or in motion, curled over back or to one side. Tails that are double curled or carried in an incomplete curl to be faulted.

V. FOREQUARTERS.
Shoulders: Well laid back, muscular, strongly boned, with moderate angulation to match the rear angulation.
Legs: Straight, with substantial bone and muscle, well covered with short, coarse hair, feathering, and with strong pasterns that have a slight slope.
Feet: Cat feet. Fairly large, strong, compact, may have feathering between toes. Nails may be either black and/or white, regardless of coat color. A single dewclaw may be present on the front feet.

VI. HINDQUARTERS.
Hindquarters: Powerful, muscular, with all parts being moderately angulated. Seen from behind, the hind legs and stifle are parallel. The hocks are strong, well let down (approximately one-third the overall length of the leg), and perpendicular. 
Feet: A single or double dewclaw may be present on the rear feet. Removal of rear dewclaws, if present, optional.

VII. COAT.
In general, dogs carry noticeably more coat than bitches. The quality of the coat is of greater importance than quantity. Double-coated, with fairly long, thick coarse guard hair, with heavy soft undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Hair is fine but hard, straight and stand-off; never silky, curly or wavy. Heavy undercoat, when present, rather woolly. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, especially in dogs, giving mane-like appearance. Tail and britches densely coated and heavily feathered. The Tibetan Mastiff is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet. Dogs are not to be penalized if shown with a summer coat.

VIII. COLOR.
Black, brown, and blue/grey, all with or without tan markings, and various shades of gold. Tan ranges from a very rich shade through a lighter color. White markings on breast and feet acceptable. Tan markings may appear at any or all of the following areas: above eyes as spots, around eyes (including spectacle markings), on each side of the muzzle, on throat, on lower part of front forelegs and extending up the inside of the forelegs, on inside of rear legs showing down the front of the stifle and broadening out to the front of the rear legs from hock to toes, on breeches, and underside of tail. Undercoat, as well as furnishings on breeches and underside of tail, may be lighter shades of the dominant color. The undercoat on black and tan dogs also may be grey or tan. Other markings such as sabling, brindling, white on other areas of the body, or large white markings, to be faulted. All other coat colors, while accepted, are to be faulted.

IX. GAIT.
The gait of a Tibetan Mastiff is powerful, steady and balanced, yet at the same time, light-footed. When viewed from the side, reach and drive should indicate maximum use of the dog's moderate angulation. Back remains level and firm. Sound and powerful movement more important than speed.

X. TEMPERAMENT.
The Tibetan Mastiff is a highly intelligent, independent, strong willed and rather reserved dog. He is aloof with strangers and highly protective of his charges and his property. In the ring he may exhibit reserve or lack of enthusiasm, but any sign of shyness is unacceptable and must be severely faulted as inappropriate for a guardian breed. Conversely, given its aloof nature, judges should also beware of putting a premium on showiness.

The UK Tibetan Mastiff Breed Standard (Interim) (as amended 1st November 2004)

This strong, well built dog is found in the foothills of the Himalayas and the borders of Tibet. He is primarily a guard dog used to protect the flocks from preying wildlife and the home from intruders.

A powerful dog, without the massive frame of the Mastiff, he is well coated with a bushy tail. Usually black or black and tan, he can also be found in gold, and shades of grey. In his native environment he is very distrustful of strangers, and can be quite ferocious. However, dogs bred in Europe and America do not generally display these tendencies.

GENERAL APPEARANCE: Large, powerfully built, slightly longer longer than high. Well boned and muscled, never light but always agile. Impressive head provides a noble, dignified look, enhanced by a mane, which is more pronounced in males, balanced by a well feathered tail carried over the back.

CHARACTERISTICS: A loyal companion, and guardian. Slow to mature.

TEMPERAMENT: Independently minded, aloof and protective. Calm and patient. May be wary of strangers.

HEAD AND SKULL: Broad, heavy and strong. Skull large, with strongly defined occiput and marked stop. Length from nose to stop equal or slightly less than length from stop to occiput. Muzzle fairly broad, well filled, blunt, and square viewed from all sides. Broad, black nose, well opened nostrils. Lips well developed with moderate flews. In maturity, some wrinkling on head extending from above eyes to corner of mouth.

EYES: Very expressive, medium size, dark brown. Set well apart, oval and slightly slanting. Dark, close fitting eye rims.

EARS: Medium size, triangular, pendant, not set too low, hanging close to head. When alert, carried forward. Ear leathers covered with soft, short hair.

MOUTH: Jaws strong with perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping lower teeth and set square to the jaws. Level bite acceptable. Full dentition desirable.

NECK: Strong, well muscled, slightly arched. Not too much dewlap.

FOREQUARTERS: Muscular, well laid shoulders. Strongly boned, straight legs with strong, slightly sloping pasterns.

BODY: From point of shoulder to point of buttock slightly longer than height at withers, as 10 to 9. Strong and straight back. Broad, muscular loins, with very slightly sloping croup. Chest rather deep, of moderate breadth. Ribcage oval, ribs well sprung but not barrelled, carried well back. Brisket reaching to, or just below, elbows.

HINDQUARTERS: Powerful, muscular, with moderate angulation and strong, low-set hocks. Hindlegs, seen from behind, parallel. Single or double dewclaws may be present.

FEET: Fairly large, strong, with thick pads, rounded and compact. Having good feathering between toes.

TAIL:  Medium to long. Set on high. loosely curled over back to one side. Well feathered.

GAIT / MOVEMENT:  Powerful and free, with purpose and agility. Measured and deliberate when walking. At speed will tend to single-track.

COAT: Males carry noticeably more than females. Quality of greater importance than quantity. Densely coated, fairly long, thick, with heavy, woolly undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Hair fine, hard and straight, never silky, curly or wavy. Hair on face short. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, giving mane-like appearance. Tail heavily feathered, hindlegs well feathered on upper rear parts.

COLOUR: Rich black, with or without tan; slate grey, with or without tan; rich golden. The rich tan markings appear above eyes, on muzzle, on chest, the lower part of legs and underside of tail. Spectacle markings around the eyes acceptable. White star on breast permissable. Minimal white markings on feet tolerated. Cream, white, chocolate/liver, parti-colour, brindle or flecked are undesirable.

SIZE: A minimum height of 66cms (26ins) in dogs and 61 cms (24ins) in bitches is desirable, but on no account should type be sacrificed to size alone.

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.


NOTE: male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

FCI-Standard TIBETAN MASTIFF

02.04.2004/EN FCI-Standard N° 230

DO-KHYI
(Tibetan Mastiff)
FCI-CLASSIFICATION :

Group 2           Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs.
Section 2.2      Molossoid breeds, Mountain type.

Without working trial.

ORIGIN : Tibet. PATRONAGE : FCI.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD : 24.03.2004.
UTILIZATION : A companion, watch and guard dog.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The Tibetan Mastiff (Do Khyi) is an ancient working breed of the nomad herders of the Himalaya and a traditional guardian of the Tibetan monasteries. It has been surrounded by great myth since its first discovery in antiquity. From the mentioning by Aristoteles (384-322 b.C.) to the famous writings of Marco Polo, who went to Asia in 1271, all historical reports praise the natural strength and impressiveness of the Tibetan Mastiff- both physically and mentally. Even its bark has been described as a unique and highly treasured feature of the breed. Leading European cynologists of the past, like Martin and Youatt, Megnin, Beckmann, Siber as well as Strebel and Bylandt have intensively covered the Tibetan Mastiff, as they had been fascinated by its origin and function in the Tibetan culture. Some even considered the breed to be the very forefather of all large mountain and mastiff breeds. One of the first known Tibetan Mastiffs to reach Western shores was a male sent to Queen Victoria by Lord Hardinge (then Viceroy of India) in 1847. Later in the 1880s, Edward VII (then Prince of Wales) took two dogs back to England. An early recorded litter of Tibetan Mastiffs was born in 1898 in the Berlin Zoo.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Powerful, heavy, well built, with good bone. Impressive; of solemn and earnest appearance. Combines majestic strength, robustness and endurance; fit to work in all climate conditions. Slow to mature, only reaching its best at 2-3 years in females and at least 4 years in males.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :
• Skull measured from occiput to stop equal to muzzle from
stop to end of nose but muzzle may be a little shorter. • Body slightly longer than height at withers.
BEHA VIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Independent. Protective. Commands respect. Most loyal to his family and territory.
HEAD : Broad, heavy and strong. In adults a wrinkle may extend from above the eyes down to the corner of mouth.
CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : Large, very slightly rounded, with strongly pronounced occiput.
Stop : Well defined.
FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Broad, as dark as possible depending on coat colour, well opened nostrils.
Muzzle : Fairly broad, well filled and deep. End of muzzle square. Lips : Well developed and covering the underjaw.
Jaws/Teeth : Jaws strong with perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors and set square to the jaws. Level bite acceptable. Dentition fits tightly.
Eyes : Medium size, any shade of brown and in accordance with coat colour, the darker the better. Set well apart, oval and slightly slanting. Eyelids tightly fitting the eyeball. Expression of dignity.

Ears : Medium size, triangular, pendant, set between the level of the skull and the eye, dropping forward and hanging close to head; carried forward when alert. Ear leathers covered with soft, short hair.
NECK : Strong, well muscled, arched. Not too much dewlap. Covered by thick upstanding mane, not so pronounced in bitches.
BODY : Strong.
Back : Straight, muscular.
Croup : Broad and rather flat.
Chest : Rather deep, of moderate breadth, with good spring of rib, to give heart-shaped ribcage. Brisket reaching to below elbows.
TAIL : Medium length. Set high on line with top of back, carried high, loosely curled over back, when dog alert or in motion; well feathered.
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS :
General appearance : Straight, well angulated, well covered all over with strong hair.
Shoulders : Well laid, muscular.
Elbows : Neither turned in nor out.
Forearms : Straight. Strong bone.
Metacarpus (Pasterns) : Strong, slightly sloping.
HINDQUARTERS :
General appearance : Powerful, muscular, with good angulation. Seen from behind, hindlegs parallel.
Upper thigh : Rather long; strong, with good hard muscles, but not bulging.
Stifle : Well bent
Hock : Strong, low set.
Dewclaws optional.

FEET : Fairly large, strong, round and compact, with good feathering between well-arched toes.
GAIT / MOVEMENT : Powerful, but always light and elastic: with good reach and drive. When speed increases tends to single track. When walking appears very deliberate. Capable of functioning over a varied terrain with stamina and suppleness.
COAT
HAIR : Quality of greater importance than quantity. Coat harsh, thick, top coat not too long, with dense and rather wolly undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Males carry noticeably more coat than females. Hair fine but harsh, straight and off-standing. Never silky, curly or wavy. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, giving mane-like appearance. Tail bushy and well feathered; hindlegs well feathered on upper rear parts.
COLOUR : Rich black, with or without tan marking; blue, with or without tan markings; gold, from rich fawn to deep red, sable. All colours to be as pure as possible. Tan ranges from a rich chestnut to a lighter colour. White star on breast permissible. Minimal white markings on feet acceptable. Tan markings appear above eyes, on lower part of legs and underside of tail. Tan markings on muzzle; spectacle markings tolerated around eyes.
SIZE :
Height at the withers : Dogs : 66 cm (26 ins) minimum,.
Bitches : 61 cm (24 ins) minimum..
FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

SEVERE FAULTS :

• Lacking physical condition and fitness.
  
• Head light or heavily wrinkled.
  
• Pendulous flews.
  
• Pronounced dewlap.
  
• Large and/or low set ears.
  
• Light eyes or staring expression.
  
• Weak pigmentation, particularly of nose.
  
• Barrelled ribs.
  
• Tightly curled tail over hips.
  
• Over angulated or straight hindquarters.
  
• Heavy constrained movement.
  
• Under minimum height, tolerance 2 cm.
  ELIMINATING FAULTS :
  

• Aggressive or overly shy.
  
• Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural
  abnormalities shall be disqualified.
  
• Undershot or overshot mouth.
  
• All other colours than above mentioned e.g. white, cream,
  grey, brown (liver), lilac, brindle, particolours.
  N.B.:
  
• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
  
• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typical conformation should be used for breeding. 

AMERICAN KENNEL CLUB Official Standard of the Tibetan Mastiff

General Appearance: Noble and impressive: a large, but not a giant breed. An athletic and substantial dog, of solemn but kindly appearance. The Tibetan Mastiff stands well up on the pasterns, with strong, tight, cat feet, giving an alert appearance. The body is slightly longer than tall. The hallmarks of the breed are the head and the tail. The head is broad and impressive, with substantial back skull, the eyes deep-set and almond shaped, slightly slanted, the muzzle broad and well-padded, giving a square appearance. The typical expression of the breed is one of watchfulness. The tail and britches are well feathered and the tail is carried over the back in a single curl falling over the loin, balancing the head. The coat and heavy mane is thick, with coarse guard hair and a wooly undercoat.

The Tibetan Mastiff has been used primarily as a family and property guardian for many millennia. The Tibetan Mastiff is aloof and watchful of strangers, and highly protective of its people and property.
Size, Proportion, Substance: Size – Dogs - preferred range of 26 to 29 inches at the withers. Bitches - preferred range of 24 to 27 inches at the withers. Dogs and bitches that are 18 months or older and that are less than 25 inches at the withers in the case of dogs or 23 inches at the withers in the case of bitches to be disqualified. All dogs and bitches within the preferred range for height are to be judged equally, with no preference to be given to the taller dog. Proportion - Slightly longer than tall (10-9), (i.e., the length to height, measured from sternum to ischium should be slightly greater than the distance from withers to ground). Substance - The Tibetan Mastiff should have impressive substance for its size, both in bone, body and muscle.
Head: Broad, strong with heavy brow ridges. Heavy wrinkling to be severely faulted; however a single fold extending from above the eyes down to the corner of the mouth acceptable at maturity. A correct head and expression is essential to the breed. Expression- Noble, intelligent, watchful and aloof. Eyes - Very expressive, medium size, any shade of brown. Rims to be black except in blue/grey and blue/grey and tan dogs, the darkest possible shade of grey. Eyes deep-set, well apart, almond-shaped, and slightly slanting, with tightly fitting eye rims at maturity. Any other color or shape to be severely faulted since it detracts from the typical expression. Ears - Medium size, V-shaped, pendant, set-on high, dropping forward and hanging close to head. Raised when alert, level with the top of the skull. The ear leather is thick, covered with soft short hair, and when measured, should reach the inner corner of the eye. Low-set and/or hound-like ears to be severely faulted. Skull - Broad and large, with strongly defined occiput. Broad, flat back skull. Prominent, bony brow ridges. Stop-Moderately defined, made to appear well defined by presence of prominent brow ridges. Muzzle - Broad, well filled and square when viewed from all sides. Proportions - Measurement from stop to end of nose to be between one-half to one- third the length of the measurement from the occiput to stop. Longer muzzle is a severe fault. Width of skull measured from ear set to opposite ear set, to be slightly greater than length of skull measured from occiput to stop (i.e., just off square). Nose - Broad, well pigmented, with open nostrils. Black, except with blue/grey or blue/grey and tan dogs, the darkest shade of grey and brown dogs, the darkest shade of brown. Any other color to be severely faulted. Lips - Well developed, thick, with moderate flews and slightly pendulous lower lips. Bite - Scissor bite, complete dentition, level bite acceptable. Teeth - Canine teeth large, strong, broken teeth not to be faulted. Disqualifications - Undershot or overshot bite.

Neck, Topline, Body: Neck - The neck is well muscled, moderately arched, sufficient in length to be in balance with the body, and may have moderate dewlap around the throat. The neck, especially in mature dogs, is shrouded by a thick upstanding mane. Topline - Topline level and firm between withers and croup. Body - The chest is well developed, with reasonable spring of rib. Brisket reaching to just below elbows. Underline with pronounced (but not exaggerated) tuck-up. The back is muscular with firmly muscled loin. There is no slope or angle to the
croup. Tail - Well feathered, medium to long, not reaching below the hock, set high on line with the back. When alert or in motion, the tail is always carried curled over the back, may be carried down when dog is relaxed. Faults-Double curl, incomplete curl, uncurled or straight tail. Severe faults - Tail not carried in the proper position as set forth above.
Forequarters: Shoulders - Well laid back, muscular, strongly boned, with moderate angulation to match the rear angulation. Legs: Straight, with substantial bone and muscle, well covered with short, coarse hair, feathering on the back, and with strong pasterns that have a slight slope. Feet - Cat feet. Fairly large, strong, compact, may have feathering between toes. Nails may be either black and/or white, regardless of coat color. A single dewclaw may be present on the front feet. Hindquarters: Hindquarters – Powerful, muscular, with all parts being moderately angulated. Seen from behind, the hind legs and stifle are parallel. The hocks are strong, approximately one- third the overall length of the leg, and perpendicular. Feet - A single or double dewclaw may be present on the rear feet. Removal of rear dewclaws, if present, optional.
Coat: In general, dogs carry noticeably more coat than bitches. The quality of the coat is of greater importance than length. Double-coated, with fairly long, thick coarse guard hair, with heavy soft undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Hair is fine but hard, straight and stand-off; never silky, curly or wavy. Heavy undercoat, when present, rather woolly. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, especially in dogs, giving mane-like appearance. Tail and britches densely coated and heavily feathered. The Tibetan Mastiff is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet and hocks. Dogs are not to be penalized if shown with a summer coat.
Color: Black, brown, and blue/grey, all with or without tan markings ranging from a light silver to a rich mahogany; also gold, with shades ranging from a pure golden to a rich red gold. White markings on chest and feet acceptable. Tan markings may appear at any or all of the following areas: above eyes as spots, around eyes (including spectacle markings), on each side of the muzzle, on throat, on lower part of front forelegs and extending up the inside of the forelegs, on inside of rear legs showing down the front of the stifle and broadening out to the front of the rear legs from hock to toes, on breeches, and underside of tail. Undercoat, as well as furnishings on breeches and underside of tail, may be lighter shades of the dominant color. The undercoat on black and tan dogs also may be grey or tan. Sabling, other than wolf sable and sabling in a saddle marked color pattern, is acceptable on gold dogs. Large white markings, to be faulted. Disqualifications - All other coat colors (e.g., white, cream, wolf sable, brindle and particolors) and markings other than those specifically described.

Gait: The gait of a Tibetan Mastiff is athletic, powerful, steady and balanced, yet at the same time, light-footed and agile. When viewed from the side, reach and drive should indicate maximum use of the dog's moderate angulation. At increased speed, the dog will tend to single- track. Back remains level and firm. Sound and powerful movement more important than speed. 
Temperament: The Tibetan Mastiff is a highly intelligent, independent, strong willed and rather reserved dog. He is aloof with strangers and highly protective of his charges and his property. In the ring he may exhibit reserve or lack of enthusiasm, but any sign of shyness is unacceptable and must be severely faulted as inappropriate for a guardian breed.
Faults: The foregoing description is that of the ideal Tibetan Mastiff. Any deviation from the above described dog must be penalized to the extent of the deviation.
Disqualifications: Dogs under 25 inches (at 18 months or older). Bitches under 23 inches (at 18 months or older). Undershot or overshot bite. All other coat colors (e.g., white, cream, wolf sable, brindle and particolors) and markings other than those specifically described.
Approved February 10, 2012 Effective February 29, 2012 

HIMALAYA'S EMIR PASHA

HIMALAYA'S EMIR PASHA

SHAY RI GENTLE-BEN V.D. ZEGSE HEIDE X KONA NI A SOECHAVATI

VAYU MEI DAN NI A SOECHAVATI

VAYU MEI DAN NI A SOECHAVATI

ANDOR VAN ALTNAHARRA X SOECHAVATI ESTHRI V. GANGJONG

DRAKYI SENGE SUNDARI

                   DRAKYI SENGE SUNDARI

DRAKYI DARTH VADER MINBARI  X  DAKOTA SIOUX